Which of the following routinely occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic transcription? a. the rna polymerase undergoes abortive initiation prior to promoter clearanceb. the 3' end of the mrna is polyadenylatedc. a modified guanine cap is added to the 5' end of the mrnad. the resulting mrnas are splicede. the nucleosomes are dismantled and reassembled as rna polymerase moves along the dna

Competition occurs between species when

Mouse liver cells were homogenized and the homogenate subjected to equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation with sucrose gradients. fractions obtained from these gradients were assayed for marker molecules (i.e., molecules that are limited to specific organelles). the results of these assays are shown in the figure. the marker molecules have the following functions: cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme involved in the process by which atp is formed in the complete aerobic degradation of glucose or fatty acids; ribosomal rna forms part of the protein-synthesizing ribosomes; catalase catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; acid phosphatase hydrolysis monophosphoric esters at acid ph; cytidylyltransferase is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; and amino acid permease aids in transport of amino acids across membranes. a) name the marker molecule and give the number of the fraction that is most enriched for each of the following cell components: lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria; plasma membrane; rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Identify any four organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle