Amicrotubule appears as a left-handed helix due to an approximately 0.9-nm stagger in the lateral contacts between adjacent protofilaments. in the lateral contacts, α- and β-tubulins in one protofilament interact with α- and β-tubulins, respectively, in the neighboring protofilament, except for a longitudinal discontinuity along the microtubule called the seam. along the seam, lateral contacts have to be made between different tubulins (i. e. α-tubulin with β-tubulin). which of the following do you think is acceptable as the repeat distance of tubulin monomers along a protofilament? a. 4 nmb. 5 nmc. 6 nmd. 7 nme. 10 nm

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.

2. how does the miller-urey experiment fall short of demonstrating that life can arise from inorganic molecules? explain. a. it doesn't show a leap between a collection of amino acids and a single-celled organism. b. it recreates the conditions that existed at the earth's beginning, but no molecules form as a result. c. it doesn't provide evidence of the formation of amino acids. d. it doesn't show how multicellular organisms developed from unicellular organisms

How many autosomes are in this human karyotype? how many sex chromosomes?