It was generally agreed that the objects of the union could not be secured by any system founded on the principle of a confederation of sovereign states. a voluntary observance of the federal law by all the members, could never be hoped for.

in this passage, madison discusses the decision to write a new constitution.

madison suggests that the states

were anxious to work together.
preferred to not form a confederation.
would not cooperate with each other voluntarily.
would never agree to voluntarily obey any laws.

vote read

explanation:

plate tectonics and volcanic euptions

over time, plate tectonic processes cause continents to move to different positions on the globe.

for example, britain was near to the equator 300 million years ago, and therefore was hotter than it is today. for further details look at our climate through time poster or online map.

the movement of the plates also causes volcanoes and mountains to form and these too can contribute to a change in climate.

mountain ranges formed by plate tectonics. large mountain chains can influence the circulation of air around the globe, and consequently influence the climate.   warm air might be deflected somewhere cooler by the mountains.