The plants that grow in the antarctic climate include
a. ferns and willows.
b. algae and mosses.
c. conifers and heather.
d. deciduous and evergreen shrubs.

b. algae and mosses.

b. algae and mosses.

Terrestrial algae flourish in the alkaline coastal regions where mosses and lichens cannot originate. Prasiola crispa a variety of terrestrial alga originates as a green mat and resembles like sea lettuce. They are groups of minute algae, which proliferate quickly in the snow when nutrient and heat circumstances are right. There are lichens,  bryophytes, fungi and over 700 species of algae discovered in the Antarctic. Most of the algae are single-celled oceanic plants termed as phytoplankton.

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).