You incorrectly perform an acid-fast stain on a smear from a mixed culture of mycobacterium smegmatis (acid-fast) cells and staphylococcus aureus (non-acid-fast) cells. your mistake is that you forget to use methylene blue during the procedure. if you viewed this slide with a microscope, what would each cell type look like?

In acid-fast staining, carbon fuchsin is used as a primary stain which dissolves the mycolic acid present in the cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis and penetrates through it which results in staining Mycobacterium red.

Staphylococcus aureus cell wall does not contain mycolic acid so carbon fuchsin does not penetrate its cell wall, therefore, it becomes colorless after destaining with acid alcohol.

After destaining step methylene blue is added to stain non-acid-fast bacteria blue. So if I mistakenly forgot to use methylene blue during the procedure Mycobacterium smegmatis will appear red due to carbon fuchsin present in their cell wall and Staphylococcus aureus will appear colorless because it is destained.

a. as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the gas molecules increases & the molecules move faster & further away from each other.

b. if you decrease the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant pressure, the combined gas law reduces to charles's law. in this case, volume will also decrease.

surface mining destroys mountain tops, landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats. on top of that, it leads to soil erosion and destruction of agricultural land. the landscape changes can also disrupt river channels and streams, which leads to flooding. which, can destroy plant life and other animals as well.

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