The term gender refers to:
a. cultural categories related to the identities and roles of men and women
b. human reproductive acitvities and functions
c. biological traits that distinguish males from females
d. one's preference with regard to sexual partners
e. none of the above

a. cultural categories related to the identities and roles of men and women

Explanation:

Gender can be defined as that which identifies and differentiates men and women, that is, male and female. According to the “traditional” definition of gender, it can be used as a synonym for “sex”, referring to what is proper to males as well as females. However, from the point of view of the social sciences and psychology, mainly, gender is understood as what socially differentiates people, taking into account the historical-cultural patterns attributed to men and women, so we can Consider that the letter A, is the answer to your question.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.