In a hydrogen ion pump, the energy is used to join small molecules together to make larger ones.

The proton has a positive charge while the neutron has no charge they both make up the nucleus of the atom while the elections have a negative charge and surround the nucleus of the atom. the protons and electrons are used to calculate the atom's mass whereas the neutrons don't affect the mass

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It depends on the surface of the levels. the rougher the surface, the greater is the frictional force. for rougher surfaces, you would need to exert greater force to move the object. the concept is that, you must overcome the frictional force in order to bring the object into motion. this is the reason why we add lubricants to the joints so they could easily move. this answer was on