***40 points*** fill in blanks
scientists wondered how volcanoes could be located so far from tectonic plate boundaries until one proposed the idea of (hotspots plates, mid-ocean ridges, transform faults) where the magma is much hotter than the surrounding magma. these are(undetectable, submerged, fixed, rotating) and do not move with tectonic plates. they are responsible for the creation of(volcanic, oceanic, convecting, floating) island chains.
in the parentheses() are my answer choices, , .

Hotspots,

Fixed, and  

Volcanic island arc

Explanation:

On earth, there are many regions where large mantle plumes are located. Here, the magma is forced to rise up forming a vertical column. These regions are known as the hotspots that are formed above these mantle plumes. Due to this, the magma rises up towards the surface forming volcanoes or chains of volcanoes. In simple words, the hotspots are the regions in which active volcanism takes place. Mr. J Tuzo Wilson was the person who put forward the theory of hotspots in the year 1963.

These hotspots are fixed at a particular location. The tectonic plates when moves over these mantle plumes, experiences volcanic eruptions.

Thus, the hotspots over the mantle plumes are responsible for the formation of volcanoes and chains of volcanic islands.

Hence, the correct answers re mentioned above.

allowed for the prediction of the properties of missing elements.

the answers are a and c