How do animal cells, plant cells, freshwater protists, and
bacteriaeach deal with the problem of osmosis ?

Plant cells deal with osmosis by being enclosed in a cell wall.

Animal cells use active transport systems to deal with the problem of osmosis.

Fresh water protists have contractile vacuoles to deal with osmosis.

Many bacteria have cell wall to protect them from osmosis.

Explanation:

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall. If a plant cell is places in a place where the conditions are hypotonic, then the cell will tale up water by osmosis but the cell wall will prevent it from bursting. This condition is termed as the cell being 'turgid'.

As animal cells do not have the rigid cell wall, they use the mechanism of active transport system to stop the cell from bursting during osmosis. In this process, ions are moved out of the cell so that the pressure in the cell due to osmosis can be reduced.

Fresh water protists have a structure present in them called as the contractile vacuole. The contractile vacuole has the capability to remove any excess water from the cell as well storing water if there is not enough water.

Bacteria have peptidoglycan cell walls to prevent osmosis.

this protocol provides a detailed procedure for co-immunoprecipitation (co-ip) to identify protein–protein interactions.