The production of urine in the nephron begins at the (i) which is (ii)
a. (i) glomerulus, (ii) a network of capillaries
b. (i) loop of henle, (ii) a u-shaped tube
c. (i) proximal convulated tubule, (ii) a tube draining the glomerulus
d. (i) distal convulated tubule, (ii) a tube entering the collecting duct

a. (i) glomerulus, (ii) a network of capillaries

Explanation:

A pair of the kidney is the main excretory organ in humans. Each kidney made millions of tiny units called nephrons.

Each nephron has a glomerulus. It is tuft (network) of capillaries surrounded by a cuplike structure called Bowman’s capsule.

The network of blood capillaries consists of afferent and efferent arterioles. As blood flows through the glomerulus, the fluid from the capillaries gets filtered by podocytes, a specialised layer of cells, called filtration membrane. This glomerular filtration begins the urine formation process.

i believe it's c. the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection.

since eventually smaller beaks would have to find another source of food or even eventually just die out from the lack of food.

not always but somethings can be reproduced in a laboratory.