In what way is eukaryotic transcription more complex than prokaryotic transcription?
a. eukaryotes have three different rna polymerases, whereas prokaryotes only have one rna polymerase
b. eukaryotic transcription initiation is much more complex than prokaryotic initiation because of the various transcription factors involved.
c. upstream elements are required for efficient transcription in eukaryotic cells, but these elements are not usually necessary in prokaryotes.
d. eukaryotic mrna is made in the nucleus.
e. all of the above statements outline ways that eukaryotic transcription is more complex.

Where do homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through crossing over?               a.  chlorophyll    b.  centrosomes    c.  centromeres    d.  chiasma

Approximately 90% of all cases of polycystic kidney disease are inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. the disease is typically related to mutations to genes (pkd1 and pkd2). pkd genes can be found on chromosome 16. the disease occurs in approximately 1: 800 to 1: 1000 people. here is a hypothetical example. the dominant allele d will cause the development of pkd. the recessive allele is known as d. what genotypes would correspond to suffering from pkd? dd, dd what genotypes would correspond to being normal (not suffering from pkd)? dd consider that 1: 1,000 people have pkd in your population of 325million. consider that pkd is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. show you math for all of the following questions: what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is the genotypic frequency for dd? what is p? what is q? how many people in your population would have pkd?

What are the two main phases of a cell cycle