Albinism in animals is caused by recessive mutations in an autosomal gene required for synthesis of melanin, a chemical precursor for skin and eye pigments. albino animals are often confused with so-called leucistic animals that are white due to recessive mutations in a gene required in a different pathway, for example a pathway for development of the cells that produce pigments. suppose you have two white hummingbirds—a male and female—and they mated. assuming that all relevant mutations are rare, autosomal, and recessive to wild-type alleles, what would you expect their progeny to look like under the following conditions: a. they are both albinos. b. they are both leucistic. c. one is albino and the other is leucistic.

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.