Each axial filament is made up of fibrils identical in structure to a. cilia. b. pili. c. flagella. d. pseudopods.

C. Flagella

Explanation:

Axial filaments are the locomotory organs. They are found in the spirochetes such as Borrelia. Each axial filament is made up of fibrils which are similar to the flagella. These are originated from the periplasmic space of the cell. Periplasmic space is the space between the inner and outer membrane of a cell. It also helps in rotating the cell body. Axial filaments are made up o many endoflagella.  It is a special type of filament that arises from endoflagella. Axial filaments help the cell contraction in forward,  and backward direction like a screw.

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the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.