Carbon atoms are able to: a. give off electrons to form negative carbon ions b. bond with other carbon atoms to form long chains
c. gain four extra electrons to form positive carbon ions d. form five single covalent bonds with their valence electrons

You have a solution that contains phospholipid vesicles in a test tube. these vesicles have phospholipid bilayers, but do not contain any membrane transporters. you add a number of different molecules to the solution, and wait a period of time for them to equilibrate. if you could measure the concentration of each molecule, for which of the following would you expect to measure equal concentrations inside and outside of the vesicles? assume for this question that the overall osmolarity inside and outside the vesicles is the same (that is, there is no appreciable diffusion of water across the membrane). (select two answers) an amino acid with a hydrophobic side-chain a small non-polar molecule a negatively charged ion a small polar molecule a small lipid hormone

Could someone me with number one you

Deer cave cannot support photosynthesis is as not enough sunlight is present. in spite of this, it still has a complex food chain. what is the energy foundation of this food chain?