All the following statements concerning transmitter-gated ion channels are true except:
(a) are ligand-gated channels
(b) are voltage-gated channels
(c) convert the chemical signal neurotransmitter into an electrical signal
(d) are receptors

(b) Are Voltage-gated channels

Explanation:

Transmitter gates ion channels are also called ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors as one or more parts of the ion channel serve as a receptor for specific neurotransmitters.

Binding of the specific neurotransmitter to the receptor stimulates the opening of the ion channels and allows the transmembrane transport of specific ion.

The voltage-gated ion channels are the ones that open and close in response to changes in the voltage across the plasma membrane.

For example, voltage-gated Na+ channels are opened in response to depolarization of the membrane only.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.

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