How do conceptual and analytical models of ecosystems compliment each other?

for example, no new evidence will demonstrate that the earth does not orbit around the sun (heliocentric theory), or that living things are not made of cells (cell theory), that matter is not composed of atoms, or that the surface of the earth is not divided into solid plates that have moved over geological timescales .

option d : from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

according to second law of thermodynamic, heat flows from higher to lower temperature region. heat is the transfer of energy from an object at higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature. so energy flows from warmer to colder objects.