Defamation that is published in a permanent form is known as

Defamation that is published in a permanent form is called libel.

Explanation:

Defamation is the communication of false statement. It may be spoken called slander or it may be written, which is called libel. The claim must be false and must have been made to the person other than the person defamed. But even if the statement is defamatory, there are circumstances where it is not a crime.

it would be c. xylem.

b exhibiting favoritism toward the kikuyu people.