How are scientists able to observe, record, study, and predict changes in the earth

ANSWER:

Its because mother nature tells us herself!

its just like predicting when rhinos will go instinct:

imagine people killing 2 rhinos a week or every two weeks and theres only 500-1000, you can predict that in prob 3-5 years they'll go instinct

so its just like that and they have much higher technology now that it'll just give them the answer without putting much effort into it.

~batmans wife dun dun dun

burning of wood and coal

explanation:

the panel also concluded there's a better than 95 percent probability that human-produced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in earth's temperatures over the past 50 years.