How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

by producing ATP in the cytoplasm and inside the mitochondria of the cell.

Explanation:

The complete oxidative degradation of glucose can be compartmentalized into four main biochemical steps: glycolysis, acetyl-CoA formation, Krebs (citric acid or tricarboxylic acids cycle) and the electron transport chain where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. During respiration, one Organic compound (usual sugar) is completely oxidized to form CO2 and H2O. In aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen, O2,  serves as the ultimate acceptor of electrons. In anaerobic breathing, the acceptor end of electrons can be the NO3-  (nitrate ion), SO42- (sulfate ion), CO2  or fumarate. If the oxidized substrate during respiration, is a protein then it also forms ammonia.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.