Sponges produce structures called gemmules, which are hard outer coatings protecting a reproductive bud during times of drought. what type of adaptation is this?
a. biochemical
b. ecological
c. structural
d. physiological

The correct answer is B. Ecological.

Sponges produce structures which are called gemmules.The outer coating protects bud reproductive even during the time of drought. This adoption is referred to as ecological.

Ecology studies the interaction which is between the environment and organisms. There are ecosystem which regulate flux of energy and matter through environment. For example nutrient cycling, niche construction, and pedogenesis.

Ecologist explains about movement of material and energy. Successional development of ecosystem. Distribution and abundance of organisms and biodiversity.