In the california poppy, an allele for yellow flowers (c) is dominant over an allele forwhite flowers (c). at an independently assorting locus, an allele for entire petals (f) isdominant over an allele for fringed petals (f ). a plant that is homozygous for yellow andentire petals is crossed with a plant that is white and fringed. a resulting f1 plant is thencrossed with a plant that is white and fringed, and the following progeny are produced: 54 yellow and entire; 58 yellow and fringed, 53 white and entire, and 10 white andfringed. using the chi-square test, what would the probability value (p-value) be?

Monarch butterflies have brightly colored orange wings with black patterns on them, making them easily visible to birds that eat butterflies and moths, yet birds rarely eat the monarchs. likewise, the monarch caterpillars are brightly striped yellow and white and black, and they also are rarely eaten by birds, although some wasps will attack them and feed them to their young. what can be inferred from these observations? monarchs must threaten and attack birds, but not wasps. monarchs have a way of discouraging bird predation that does not involve hiding. monarchs’ wings are so colorful that most birds must find them difficult to eat. monarchs lay more eggs than other less conspicuous butterflies.