An atom that has gained or lost electrons is called

When an atom gains or loses an electron, it attains a net charge and becomes an ion. When electrons are lost, the resulting ion is called cation and when electrons are gained, the resulting ion is called an anion.

some fungi obtain their nutrients from a living host (plant or animal) and are called most biotrophic fungi have fairly narrow host ranges—they are specialized on a limited called rhizomorphs that allow the fungus to grow from one tree to another. ascospores are formed inside a sac-like structure called an ascus. so your answer is a