What are the conditions required to maintain allele frequency in a population?

Explanation:

According to Hardy-Weinberg Law, allele frequencies of the population will remain constant through the generation if a population is large, without evolutionary mechanisms acting on it (mutation, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift), if mating is random. In other words, population is equilibrium (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium).

Allele frequency describes how often an allele appears in a population. This measure is usually expressed in percentage. Allele frequency can describe the variation that exist within the population. It can be calculated as the number of alleles divided with the total number of gene copies in that population.

Change in allele frequencies over a certain short period of time is defined as microevolution. Mechanisms of evolution that can change allele frequencies through time are mutations, natural selection, genetic drift and gene flow (migrations).