Involves a pioneer species.

a. primary
b. tertiary
c. secondary
d. quaternary

A. Primary

Explanation:

Pioneer species are the first to arrive after a disturbance, so they are part of the first stage of succession = primary.

Primary.

Explanation:

Succession may be defined as the change of the structure of the ecosystem and species with time. Two main types of succession are the prmay succession and secondary succession.

Primary succession occurs on the baren land. The ioneering species is the first species that inhabit in the baren land. Hence, pioneer species is involved in the primary succession.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).

they are known to reach a speed of 21 miles per hour

igneous rocks which formed by the crystallization of magma at the surface of the earth called extrusive rocks. they are characterized by fine-grained textures because the rapid cooling at or near the surface did not provide enough time for large crystals to grow.