In east java, indonesia, a mud volcano has been erupting since 2006. one controversial hypothesis is that the mud volcano in east java is erupting because a gas mining company was drilling a deep hole nearby. when a mud volcano erupts, hot water deep below the earth's surface mixes with various minerals, and this mud spews out over the surface of the earth. the hot mud flow destroys organismal habitats, including the homes and livelihoods of people. when the mud volcano stops erupting, the disturbed area will be colonized by a variety of species. this process of colonization is called

Ecological succession (secondary)

Explanation:

Ecological succession is a process by which ecosystem changes and develops during a certain period of time. There are two types of succession:

After a certain disaster, pioneer plants and animals are the one that appear first and colonize previously damaged place. The community becomes more stable and complex during time until it reaches the stage of climax community (steady stage).

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg