The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed. the second law of thermodynamics states that as energy is transferred or transformed, more and more of it is degraded. in a food web, energy efficiency is only about 10%, meaning only about 10% of energy is available from one trophic level to the next. which is not a reason for the inefficiency in energy transfer between trophic levels?
a) not all consumers eat plants.
b) some of the molecules are used in cellular respiration/metabolism.
c) not all the organisms at a lower trophic level get eaten by those at a higher trophic level.
d) some molecules in the bodies of organisms get eaten are not digestible by predators and are lost as wastes.