4. passive transport differs from active transport in that passive transport

a. uses atp from the cell's mitochondria.
b. requires twice as much energy to take place.
c. uses energy from the cell's energy reserves.
d. does not require energy from atp to take place.
e. enters the cell through membrane proteins

the answer is D) does not require energy from ATP to take place.

Explanation:

Passive transport doesn't require energy (ATP), active transport does require energy. Passive transport moves molecules WITH the concentration gradient (high to low), while active transport moves molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient (Low to High).

Mark me brainliest

you must remain stopped until the stop signal is retracted and the red lights are turned off. approaching traffic in the opposite roadway of a divided highway shall not be required to stop, even if the school bus has the stop-arm extended and the alternately flashing warning signal lamps on.

b - the respond is innate and varies over time.

good luck!