9. what are mutations, and how do they increase the genetic variation within a species?

Mutations are changes that occurs in our DNA sequence, either due to mistakes when the DNA is copied or as the result of environmental factors such as UV light and cigarette smoke.

They increase the genetic variation within a species because they can create entirely new alleles in a population, random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis which reshuffles alleles within an organism's offspring.

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cramming before a final is bad because it makes a student's stress level higher. students who embrace cramming to get through a final exam week find themselves struggling to perform consistently, once the brain adjusts to prolonged sleep deprivation.

because the light is a great source of energy for the plants to survive. (i hope this )