The enzyme dna chemically bonds together two dna strands and removes nicks in a dna duplex.

The enzyme DNA ligase chemically bonds together two DNA strands and removes nicks in a DNA duplex.

This enzyme is catalyzer for the formation of a phosphodiester bonds. Three major processes in which DNA ligases are involved are:

•DNA replication- after the RNA primers are removed, the remained nicks are replaced by the enzyme DNA ligase

•DNA repair-usually single-strand breaks are repaired by DNA ligase and  complementary strand of the double helix is used as a template

•Recombination of DNA in experiments- in gene cloning, DNA ligase joins DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA.

b - the respond is innate and varies over time.

good luck!

i don't know. if i were you, i would search it up online : d