Where does the matter found in the body of an animal come from

How can a geological time scale best be reconstructed? a) comparing vestigial structures in living species b) comparing homologous structures in living species c) examining homologous structures in fossil remains d) examining the written records of scientists from past cultures

Aflame cell is at the end of each tubule of the nephridium malpighian tubules kidneys none of the above

Individuals do not compete directly for resources, but are prey for the same predator