How does an "activated" receptor transfer information into the cell? a. by increased translation of the receptorb. by altering the ligand-binding site of the receptorc. through a conformational change of the receptord. by decreased phosphorylation of the receptor

The correct answer is: c. through a conformational change of the receptor

When a ligand binds to receptor that is located on a cell surface, signal has to be transported into the cell. Usually, intracellular domain of the receptor changes its “shape” (conformation) which may make it active as an enzyme or available for other molecules binding. For example, the receptor may turn on signaling molecule inside of the cell and activates further chain reactions. Consequently, the cell responses by changing its behavior or characteristics.

if someone had the list of traits you provided

essentially, one bacterial cell splits into two daugurer cells. bacterial offspring don't need or get care from their parents because they are in a sense their own parents. that said, some bacteria can and do depend on other bacteria especially in harsh environments such as bacterial microfilms in hot water tanks.