How does the fossil record corroborate phylogenetic hypotheses?

events that occur early in the fossil record are represented by branching events nearer to the root of a phylogenetic tree.
events that occur early in the fossil record are represented by branching events nearer to the tips of a phylogenetic tree.
fossil record events are too old to be represented on phylogenetic trees, which reconstruct the more recent past.
events in the fossil record occur randomly throughout a phylogenetic tree, so the two are not related to one another.
the timing of evolutionary events in the fossil record is not consistent with the branching order of a phylogenetic tree.

The correct answer is: Events that occur early in the fossil record are represented by branching events nearer to the root of a phylogenetic tree.  

Fossil records explain the history and evolution of life based on fossils. Fossils are remains of organisms preserved in sedimentary rock. In fossil records they are analyzed and arranged chronologically and in taxonomic order, so that can represent the evolution.

Phylogenies describes the relationships between organisms (species): from which organisms it is evolved, to which species it is most closely related etc. and it is represented as a diagram or phylogenetic tree. It is used to organize living organisms into specific categories. Characteristics of fossils are used to generate a phylogenetic tree, more precisely their roots that represent common ancestors.

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explanation:

plate tectonics and volcanic euptions

over time, plate tectonic processes cause continents to move to different positions on the globe.

for example, britain was near to the equator 300 million years ago, and therefore was hotter than it is today. for further details look at our climate through time poster or online map.

the movement of the plates also causes volcanoes and mountains to form and these too can contribute to a change in climate.

mountain ranges formed by plate tectonics. large mountain chains can influence the circulation of air around the globe, and consequently influence the climate.   warm air might be deflected somewhere cooler by the mountains.