Less than .1% of the energy in a food chain generally makes it from the sun to consumers

This statement is true.

Reason:

Plants are capable of storing energy from the sun and with the help of that they produce their own food. And this energy is transformed to the animals as well as human being when they consume the food which was grown on the plants. But when they consume it they are only able to get 10% of the energy and the last consumers are able to get only about 1% of the energy.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.