Life as we know it depends on the genetic code: a set of codons, each made up of three bases in a dna sequence and corresponding mrna sequence, that specifies which of the 20 amino acids will be added to the protein during translation. imagine that a prokaryote-like organism has been discovered in the polar ice on mars. interestingly, these martian organisms use the same dna → rna → protein system as life on earth, except that there are only 2 bases (a and t) in the martian dna, and there are only 17 amino acids found in martian proteins. based on this information, what is the minimum size of a codon for these hypothetical martian life-forms? view available hint(s)

The right answer is 5.

To answer this question it is sufficient to take the same approach as the one that concluded that each amino acid is equivalent to 3 codons.

We have 17 amino acids, each of which must have at least one unique code (having two nucleotides A and T) .

it is enough to apply this time to count the number of possible codons to be generated according to the number of nucleotides:

nucleotide set ^ number of nucleotides = number of codons .

2 ^ 1 = 2 (<17)

2 ^ 2 = 4 (<17)

2 ^ 3 = 8 (<17)

2 ^ 4 = 16 (<17)

2 ^ 5 = 32 (> 17)

So, each amino acid has a codon of 5 nucleotides.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.

c. movement because i took the test and it lets me review my answers