The second stage of the calvin cycle needs an input of energy to reduce the 3pg molecules that resulted from the first stage. where does this energy input come from?

ATP and NADPH that were supplied through the light reactions

correct answer is option a.

tropopause, stratopause and mesopause have all in common aspect that is point of maximum temperature in its layer of the atmosphere. all layers of atmosphere observe abrupt change in temperature. tropopause is the boundary between troposphere and stratosphere. stratopause is the boundary between stratosphere and mesosphere. mesopause is the boundary between mesosphere and thermosphere. these all boundaries are ranges between altitude of 0 to 80 km.

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