The earth's atmosphere contains certain chemicals that absorb infrared energy emitted by the sun and earth. the process by which these chemicals absorb infrared energy is known as the carbon cycle or greenhouse effect or nitrogen cycle and is responsible for insulating or cooling the planet.

The answer is; greenhouse effect, insulating

Examples of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are carbon dioxide and methane. They trap infrared light spectrum emitted from the earth towards space. This trap acts as heat insulation causing global temperatures to rise and resulting in global warming and climate change.