Birds are called glorified reptiles. why?

When the intestine becomes infected with the food borne illness bacteria e. coli, the bacteria releases a enterotoxin that causes excessive loss of water and electrolytes in the intestines. necessary to return the osmolality of the intestines to normal?

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli? a. just noticeableb. signal detectionc. subliminald. top down