Whta is the differences and similarities associated with gradualism and punctuated and equilibrium

Charles darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859. in what way foes modern evolutionary theory differ from the theory as proposed by darwin? a) darwin inferred that individuals can evolve, but modern generic science has shown that this is not true. b)darwin inferred that individuals do not evolve, but modern genetic science has shown that this is not true. c)modern science has disproved most of darwin's original theory of evolution, because darwin knew nothing about generations and their role in heredity. d)generic studies have shown that gene expression and other factors operate along with natural selection, but most of darwin's theory has been supported by modern science.

Which level of consumer had access to the smallest apply of energy

Describe the response the kidneys have to dehydration and excessive water intake. what happens to the concentration of urine in each case ?