White moths were found in huge numbers in the city of birmingham. these could be easily camouflaged by the trees. because of sudden industrail development, the trees in the city were covered with soot. how many will this change affect the population of white moths

Because of sudden industrial development, if the trees will be covered with soot then in that case the population of white moths will be reduced drastically. The reason why their population will be reduced is that because of the soot the trees will become black in color and the white moths will be easily visible on the black background and predators will be easily able to see them because of contrasting colors. This kind of selection is known as directional selection in which one extreme trait is selected.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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