Layer of the atmosphere with the lowest temperature is the

The coldest temperature in the atmosphere occurs at the top of the mesosphere, which is known as the mesopause, where temperature can reach about -90°C (130° F) varying according to seasons and latitude. As the mesosphere extending (approximately 50-85 km) upwards above the stratosphere, the temperature is decreasing. The air is present in the mesosphere is too thin to breathe.

Mesosphere is the 3rd major layer of the atmosphere, present directly below the thermosphere and directly above the stratosphere. In the mesosphere, the temperature decreases as the altitude are increasing.

option a is correct i.e.

explanation:

in context to the membrane of nerve impulse, the outer membrane of neuron is semi permeable that is only sodium ions can pass through the membrane i.e. smaller ions can pass through the membrane while larger ions cannot pass through it.

tsd is temerature dependent sex determination.

tsd: it is a type of environmental sex determination in which the temperature experienced during embryonic/ larval development (ambient temperature for development) determine the sex of the offspring.

crocodile displays the tsd where the ambient temperature of the developing egg determines the individual's sex. for example in the american alligator's eggs, incubation at 33 ºc produces mostly males, while incubation at 30 ºc produces mostly females. so if the american alligator's egg will get the ambient temperature (33 degree celcius)during embryonic development from egg, the offspring will be male and same for the female sex determination.