Which of the following calculations require that you utilize the addition rule?
a) calculate the probability of black offspring from the cross aabb × aabb, when b is the symbol for black.
b) calculate the probability of children with both cystic fibrosis and polydactyly when parents are each heterozygous for both genes.
c) calculate the probability of each of four children having cystic fibrosis if the parents are both heterozygous.
d) calculate the probability of a child having either sickle-cell anemia or cystic fibrosis if parents are each heterozygous for both.
e) calculate the probability of purple flower color in a plot of 50 plants seeded from a self-fertilizing heterozygous parent plant.

Dna has unique properties that allow it to accurately retain genetic information, even after multiple rounds of replication. one aspect of dna that allows it to accurately store genetic information is the base pairing from chargaff\'s first rule of the four nucleotide bases. if the c content of a dna molecule is 22%, what are the percentages of the remaining bases?

Zoe decided to measure the hand length of each of her classmates. first she marked a line across each student's wrist and lined up a ruler from this mark to the top of the middle finger to measure the length. then she recorded the measurements in the table below. marla did this the same way for each classmate, and then zoe used this ruler to measure each straight line and record the data below. this data is invalid. what is the most likely reason why it is invalid? the ruler is marked in centimeters, but zoe recorded data in inches. the range of lengths is too wide, so zoe must have misread the ruler. marla’s complicated measuring procedure was overly confusing. marla could have been inconsistent while drawing outlines of fingers.

1) strawberry plants typically reproduce by making runners, which are miniature versions of themselves, that grow off of the roots and stems of the parent. this type of vegetative reproduction is known as a) pollination. b) fragmentation. c) binary fission. d) vegetative propogation.