Why "charge" reduces rate of diffusion in cell membrane

The idea that all living things are made up of cells is considered scientific law. this means the idea is an emerging scientific idea that has a logical explanation. has been tested with similar results at least twice. is supported by scientific consensus and a large amount of evidence. has been rejected only once by the scientific community

Ascientist is conducting an investigation that involves water, silver, carbon dioxide, and oxygen gas which group of statements best describes all of the materials he is using in the investigation?

Ascientific idea becomes valid when it is what?