Which of the following sequences shows a frameshift mutation compared to the wild-type mrna sequence? a) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacagaguga-3’ b) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacguuggaguga-3’ c) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcauacaucuggaguga-3’ d) wild-type 5’-augcauacauuggaguga-3’ mutant 5’-augcaugugacauuggaguga-3’

Option C:

wild-type 5’-AUGCAUACAUUGGAGUGA-3’  

mutant 5’-AUGCAUACAUCUGGAGUGA-3’  

Explanation:

Frame shift mutation as the name indicates are such type of mutation in which a nucleotide insertion or deletion occurs in such as way that it alters the complete sequence of 3 codon sets. As we know all the genes are translated in sets of 3 codons, which determine a specific amino acid sequence. So, if a frame shift mutation occurs, unlike a point mutation it can effect many amino acid sequences and ultimately a whole protein.

If we look at option C:

wild-type 5’-AUG   CAU  ACA  UUG  GAG  UGA-3’  

mutant 5’-    AUG   CAU  ACA  UCU  GGA  GUG  A-3’  

An insertion of a base Uracil occured at the end of 3rd codon due to which whole sequence of codon triplets were altered. This changed all next codons and ultimately all next amino acids will be altered.

Hope it helps!

the overall balanced equation

6co2 + 6h2o > c6h12o6 + 6o2

sunlight energy

where: co2 = carbon dioxide

h2o = water

light energy is required

c6h12o6 = glucose

o2 = oxygen