Distinguish between the source of h+ in the electron transport chain in photosynthesis and respiration

In photosynthesis, photolysis of water at photo-system II provides high energy electrons as well as protons to the system.

Thus, the main source of protons in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis is water.  

In addition, protons from the stromal side are also pumped into the lumen in order to develop a proton gradient.

In the electron transport chain of respiration, energy provided by NADH and FADH₂ is used by the complexes ( associated with ETC) to pump the protons present in the mitochondrial matrix into the inter-membrane space.

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

i think its the first one