Eighteenth-century astronomer william herschel first began estimating the size of what would later be known as the milky way galaxy by

By counting stars.

Explanation:

During the late eighteenth century, there was an astronomer - William Herschel who tried to estimate the size as well as shape of the galaxy by on the sky. It was the time when astronomers didn't even know that there exist some galaxies outside the milky way. He counted all the stars and created a map of the galaxy.

However, in that attempt he didn't realize that stars he was counting were not clear from his view. With that attempt of incorrect nature, he concluded his work as, the galaxy is  disk-shaped, flat and contains sun at the center. Today, when the astronomers got a perfect idea of the vastness of the universe and galaxies, we are in a position to say that Herschel's idea of the galaxies was very tiny and underestimated.

you are certainly talking about this picture:

a: is the label of the white square, it is showing the  replication fork, formed by helicase (d) ==> so it is the site of dna separation and replication 

b: is a new dna brand that is following directly the replication fork, so it is continuous ==> built continuously from 5' to 3

c: dna polymerase cannot replicate dna on its own, it needs the of their proteins, and one of them plays the role of a clamp which fixes  the dna with the dna template and increases  the processivity of the enzyme. ==>   stops polymerase from falling off the  template.

d: is the enzyme responsible for forming the replication fork (helicase) ==> unwinds and separates dna into two strands

e: is the delayed strand, it is built  in the opposite sense of the helicase, so dna will be built in fragments ==> built  fragments from 5' to 3 joins

and finally f: is the enzyme that builds  the new dna strand (dna polymerase) ==>   adds nucleotides to make a new dna helix.

credit: gradman555p98x9p

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the cells uses some of the atoms of the glucose molecules to atp molecules. the atoms of the glucose molecules will then be converted into energy which will be eventually stored in atp. the energy produced which are stored in atp are coming from the glucose’s chemical bonds.