The pairing of chromosomes and the exchange of dna between chromosomes is called crossing over, the diagram below illustrates this concept. crossing over is a completely random process. what effect will crossing over have on the new cells produced after meiosis?

The right answer is B (in the most of the cases).

The crossing-over (equilibrium) corresponds to an intercrossing of homologous chromosomes that, during meiosis I, exchange certain chromatid fragments after pairing, leading to a mixture of the genes they carry.

Cross-over occurs only in heterozygous individuals (with linked genes, that is, two genes on the same pair of homologous chromosomes). The heterozygous individual, after crossing-over, will produce parental gametes and recombinant gametes.

In homozygous individuals, the crossing-over has no influence on the combination of the alleles, since they are identical.

in 1859, charles darwin set out his theory of evolution by natural selection as an explanation for adaptation and speciation. he defined natural selection as the "principle by which each slight variation [of a trait], if useful, is preserved".