An example of a pioneer species is? 1.a sparrow 2. a lichen 3. an earthworm 4. a spider

Some birds look for food near cattle and other livestock. the movement of the cattle churns up the ground, making insects available to the birds. the cattle appear to be unaffected by the presence of the birds. what kind of relationship exists between the birds and the cattle? o a. parasitism o b. commensalism o c. predation o d. mutualism

In general, characteristics that an organism survive and reproduce become more common over time. what mechanism of evolution causes this?

Which of the following is a true statements about viruses? viruses have no nucleus. viruses are alive. viruses have a cell membrane. all viruses are deadly.