Once proteins have been produced at the ribosomes what to organelles work together to aid in the secretion process described above

You don't show the "above", but proteins that are secreted are normally made by the mRNA being translated by ribosomes that are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - we call this rough ER because they are studded with these ribosomes (if just destined for the cytoplasm then ribosomes free floating in the cytoplasm would be used) - there is some alteration (post translational modification) that can happen in the ER, but next the protein is packed into the Golgi apparatus where again, further modification can happen, but the Golgi bodies bring the protein to be secreted where it needs to be like lysosomes, the membrane or even fully secreted  (think of the Golgi as the UPS delivery truck!).

the three components of a nucleotide are the nitrogenous base, the phosphate group and the five-carbon sugar.