Genes are composed of stretches of a complex molecule shaped like a twisted ladder or staircase.

Genes are composed of stretches of DNA, a complex molecule shaped like a twisted ladder or staircase.

The shape of DNA is a double helix, which is like a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. The sugar is deoxyribose. The rungs of the ladder are pairs of 4 types of nitrogen bases. A is always paired with T and G is always paired with C.

regents of the university of california v. bakke, 438 u.s. 265 (1978), was a landmark decision by the supreme court of the united states. it upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy.