Dr. marshall demonstrated that gastric ulcers are caused by a bacterium by using

Dr. marshall demonstrated that gastric ulcers are caused by a bacterium by using Koch’s postulates.

Koch’s postulates are four standards created to confirm a causative relationship between a microorganism and a disease. Koch’s postulates were formulated in 1884 by Robert Koch and Friedrich Loeffler.  Koch’s postulates include;

the oxygenated blood then leaves the lungs through pulmonary veins, which return it to the left heart, completing the pulmonary cycle. this blood then enters the left atrium, which pumps it through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. from the left ventricle, the blood passes through the aortic valve to the aorta.

deoxygenated blood leaves through the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery. from the right atrium, the blood is pumped through the tricuspid valve (or right atrioventricular valve), into the right ventricle.

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